Current Issue : January-March Volume : 2026 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Dermoscopy is an essential, non-invasive diagnostic tool that has transformed the evaluation of pigmented skin lesions and is nowadays also increasingly recognized for its utility in general dermatology. Originally developed for the early detection of melanoma, dermoscopy now aids in diagnosing a wide range of non-neoplastic skin disorders—including inflammatory, infectious, and infiltrative conditions—by revealing morphological features invisible to the naked eye. Among these, facial dermatoses represent a diagnostically challenging group of disorders with overlapping clinical presentations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest literature on dermoscopy in general dermatology, with a specific focus on facial dermatoses. Relevant information for this article was obtained through a comprehensive PubMed search using disease names along with the terms ‘dermoscopy’ and ‘dermatoscopy’. Despite its growing relevance, this field remains underexplored, largely due to the lack of standardized dermoscopic criteria and inconsistent terminology, which pose challenges to broader clinical implementation. Nonetheless, current evidence highlights the promising role played by dermoscopy as an adjunctive diagnostic method, particularly when used by experienced clinicians in combination with detailed patient history and clinical examination. Dermoscopy of facial dermatoses has the potential to significantly improve diagnostic precision in everyday practice. With continued research, greater standardization, and wider clinician training, dermoscopy is well-positioned to become as integral to the diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious dermatoses as it is to skin cancer detection....
Background: The correlation between atopic dermatitis and food allergies is well-documented within the scientific community. However, the precise influence of various food allergens on the worsening of atopic dermatitis symptoms remains a subject of considerable debate and ongoing research. This study aims to explore in depth the potential link between dietary habits and the severity of atopic dermatitis in a pediatric population living in Goma. Methods: As part of an analytical approach, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the dermatology department of the North Kivu Provincial Hospital, involving a sample of 342 patients examined between January and June 2025. The collected data were digitized and analyzed using SPSS software, version 26. Results: The study revealed that 35.7% of patients suffered from a severe form of atopic dermatitis. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between the severity of atopic dermatitis and several factors, including urban residence (p = 0.002), the dry season (p < 0.001), delayed introduction of solid foods (p = 0.004), consumption of more than three meals per day (p = 0.001), and being overweight (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that frequent consumption of junk food, specifically candies, pastries, chocolate, fried potatoes, potato chips, and sweets (OR = 1.185, 95% CI = 1.113 - 2.345, p = 0.000) and dairy products (OR = 1.902, 95% CI = 1.160 - 3.111, p = 0.011) significantly increased the risk of developing a severe form of atopic dermatitis. Conversely, frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables was found to be significantly associated with a less severe form of atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.250, 95% CI = 1.048 - 1.491, p = 0.013). Conclusion: The hypothesis that eliminating or selectively introducing certain foods may be a relevant therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk of severity associated with atopic dermatitis in children deserves consideration....
Cutaneous fillers and botulinum toxin are widely used in dermatology and cosmetic surgery to enhance facial features, treat functional disorders, and combat signs of aging. While generally considered safe, it’s crucial to understand potential complications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of cutaneous fillers and botulinum toxin, focusing on facial complications, particularly those related to ocular and ear areas. The review discusses various types of cutaneous fillers, including hyaluronic acid (HA), calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), highlighting their distinct properties and applications. Different types of botulinum toxin A, such as onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and incobotulinumtoxinA, are also examined. Potential complications, ranging from transient issues like swelling and bruising to more severe events like vascular occlusion, ptosis, diplopia, and optic neuropathy, are discussed. Preventative measures, including thorough anatomical knowledge, proper injection techniques, patient education, and the use of ultrasound imaging, are emphasized to minimize risks. The importance of recognizing early signs of complications and implementing timely interventions, such as hyaluronidase administration or hyperbaric oxygen therapy, is highlighted. A collaborative approach involving ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, vascular surgeons, and dermatologists is crucial for optimizing patient safety and outcomes. The review underscores the need for ongoing training and adherence to evidence-based guidelines to ensure safe and effective cosmetic procedures. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate ocular and otolaryngological complications following injectable botulinum toxin and cutaneous filler procedures. A comprehensive search of relevant databases was performed, utilizing keywords such as “botulinum injections”, “ptosis”, “thrombosis”, “cutaneous fillers”, and “adverse events”. Studies were selected based on their analysis of complication types, etiological factors, and proposed prevention methods within the specified anatomical regions. Results: The literature review revealed that ocular and otolaryngological complications following injectable botulinum toxin and cutaneous filler procedures are influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Iatrogenic causes, such as improper injection technique and inadequate anatomical knowledge, were frequently reported. Patient-related factors, including anatomical variations and pre-existing conditions, also contributed to adverse outcomes. Furthermore, the literature highlighted the role of product-related factors, such as filler type and injection volume, in the development of complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis emphasizes the imperative of a comprehensive research agenda to expand upon the diverse challenges increasing ocular and otolaryngological complications during injectable botulinum and cutaneous filler injections. The identified iatrogenic factors, including technique and anatomical knowledge, necessitate tailored interventions and techniques to enhance precision and reduce complications. This research agenda aims to inform healthcare practices and policies, ultimately improving the safety profile for patients undergoing facial cosmetic procedures....
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated dermatosis that affects approximately 125 million people worldwide. Traditionally considered a dermatologic condition, it is now perceived as a systemic disease with numerous comorbidities. While its associations with psoriatic arthritis, metabolic syndrome, and psychiatric disorders are well established, less attention has been given to its coexistence with other dermatoses. This narrative review aims to explore and summarize the existing evidence on the relationships between psoriasis and other skin diseases, highlighting potential overlaps in clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment challenges. Psoriasis may coexist with several inflammatory and autoimmune skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus, anti-p200 pemphigoid, pityriasis rubra pilaris, seborrheic dermatitis, inflammatory linear verrucous nevus (ILVEN), Sneddon–Wilkinson disease, and vitiligo. The review highlights the shared genetic pathways (e.g., the Th1/Th17 axis and IL-17 pathway), diagnostic challenges (e.g., sebopsoriasis and psoriasis–eczema overlap), and therapeutic considerations (e.g., paradoxical reactions to biologics and effectiveness of JAK inhibitors in both psoriasis and vitiligo). The coexistence of psoriasis with other dermatoses is more common and clinically significant than previously appreciated. Recognizing these associations is crucial for an accurate diagnosis, avoiding mismanagement, and optimizing individualized treatment strategies. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and improve the multidisciplinary care for patients with complex dermatologic presentations....
Background: Vitiligo is a chronic, progressive skin disorder characterized by the development of sharply demarcated depigmented patches due to the loss of melanocytes. Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that presents with sudden, non-scarring hair loss affecting the scalp or other body areas. Objective: To evaluate serum granulysin (GNLY) levels in patients with vitiligo and AA to explore its potential role in the pathogenesis and activity of both diseases. Methods: A total of 80 participants were included: 65 patients and 15 healthy controls. Patients were divided into four groups: active vitiligo (n = 25), stable vitiligo (n = 25), active AA (n = 15), and a control group (n = 15). Serum GNLY levels were measured and analyzed in relation to clinical and dermoscopic features. Results: No significant correlation was found between GNLY levels and either age or Vitiligo Area Scoring Index in vitiligo patients. However, serum GNLY levels showed a significant association with the Vitiligo Disease Activity score. GNLY levels did not correlate with sex or the starburst pattern. In contrast, significant associations were found between elevated GNLY levels and dermoscopic signs of activity, including ill-defined lesion borders, satellite lesions, perifollicular pigmentation, and loss of pigment network. Both vitiligo and AA patients exhibited significantly higher GNLY levels than controls, with the highest concentrations observed in the active vitiligo group. Conclusions: The significant rise in serum GNLY levels in vitiligo and AA suggests a pathogenic role, with higher levels in active vitiligo indicating its potential utility as a biomarker for monitoring disease activity....
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